Romans 2:13

Authorized King James Version

(For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
γὰρ
(For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἀκροαταὶ
the hearers
a hearer (merely)
#5
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
νόμου
of the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#7
δίκαιοι
are just
equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)
#8
παρὰ
before
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
#9
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
θεῷ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#11
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#12
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ποιηταὶ
the doers
a performer; specially, a "poet"
#14
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
νόμου
of the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#16
δικαιωθήσονται
shall be justified
to render (i.e., show or regard as) just or innocent

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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