Revelation 22:18

Authorized King James Version

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For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:

Original Language Analysis

Συμμαρτυροῦμαι I testify G4828
Συμμαρτυροῦμαι I testify
Strong's: G4828
Word #: 1 of 28
to testify jointly, i.e., corroborate by (concurrent) evidence
γὰρ For G1063
γὰρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 28
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
παντὶ unto every man G3956
παντὶ unto every man
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 3 of 28
all, any, every, the whole
ἀκούοντι that heareth G191
ἀκούοντι that heareth
Strong's: G191
Word #: 4 of 28
to hear (in various senses)
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λόγους the words G3056
λόγους the words
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 6 of 28
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προφητείας of the prophecy G4394
προφητείας of the prophecy
Strong's: G4394
Word #: 8 of 28
prediction (scriptural or other)
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 9 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
βιβλίῳ book G975
βιβλίῳ book
Strong's: G975
Word #: 10 of 28
a roll
τούτου, of this G5127
τούτου, of this
Strong's: G5127
Word #: 11 of 28
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)
ἐάν If G1437
ἐάν If
Strong's: G1437
Word #: 12 of 28
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
τις any man G5100
τις any man
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 13 of 28
some or any person or object
ἐπιθήσει shall add G2007
ἐπιθήσει shall add
Strong's: G2007
Word #: 14 of 28
to impose (in a friendly or hostile sense)
πρὸς unto G4314
πρὸς unto
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 15 of 28
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
ταῦτα, these things G5023
ταῦτα, these things
Strong's: G5023
Word #: 16 of 28
these things
ἐπιθήσει shall add G2007
ἐπιθήσει shall add
Strong's: G2007
Word #: 17 of 28
to impose (in a friendly or hostile sense)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεὸς God G2316
θεὸς God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 19 of 28
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
ἐπ' unto G1909
ἐπ' unto
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 20 of 28
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
αὐτὸν him G846
αὐτὸν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 21 of 28
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
τὰς G3588
τὰς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 22 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πληγὰς the plagues G4127
πληγὰς the plagues
Strong's: G4127
Word #: 23 of 28
a stroke; by implication, a wound; figuratively, a calamity
τὰς G3588
τὰς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 24 of 28
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γεγραμμένας that are written G1125
γεγραμμένας that are written
Strong's: G1125
Word #: 25 of 28
to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 26 of 28
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
βιβλίῳ book G975
βιβλίῳ book
Strong's: G975
Word #: 27 of 28
a roll
τούτῳ this G5129
τούτῳ this
Strong's: G5129
Word #: 28 of 28
to (in, with or by) this (person or thing)

Analysis & Commentary

For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book:... This verse from Revelation's vision of river of life, invitation, warnings - eternal blessing, urgent call, maranatha employs apocalyptic imagery rich with Old Testament allusions and symbolic meaning. The Greek text uses vivid apocalyptic language characteristic of Jewish prophetic literature, drawing heavily from Daniel, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and Zechariah.

The symbolism must be interpreted within its first-century context while recognizing timeless spiritual realities. The imagery would resonate powerfully with persecuted believers facing Roman imperial cult worship, providing hope that despite present suffering, Christ reigns sovereign and will consummate His kingdom. The apocalyptic genre uses symbolic numbers (seven, twelve, 144,000), colors, beasts, and cosmic imagery to convey theological truth rather than photographic descriptions.

Christologically, Revelation consistently exalts Jesus as the victorious Lamb, the faithful witness, the King of kings and Lord of lords. Every vision ultimately points to Christ's supremacy, His finished redemptive work, and His certain return to judge the living and dead and establish the new creation.

Historical Context

John received this revelation circa AD 95 during Domitian's persecution, exiled on Patmos for his testimony. The seven churches of Asia Minor faced increasing pressure to participate in emperor worship and pagan religious practices. Refusal meant economic hardship, social ostracism, and potential martyrdom. Understanding this context illuminates Revelation's encouragement to faithful endurance.

The apocalyptic genre was familiar to first-century Jewish and Christian readers. Rather than newspaper-style predictions, apocalyptic literature uses symbolic imagery to reveal spiritual realities behind earthly events, encourage the faithful, warn the unfaithful, and assert God's ultimate sovereignty over history. Parallels with Daniel, Ezekiel, and intertestamental apocalyptic writings would help original readers decode the symbols.

Rome's imperial cult demanded worship of Caesar as divine, placing Christians in impossible situations—compromise their faith or face persecution. Revelation identifies Rome as "Babylon" and assures believers that despite appearances, the Lamb conquered through His death and resurrection, and all earthly kingdoms will submit to His reign.

Questions for Reflection

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