Psalms 41:9

Authorized King James Version

Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
גַּם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#2
אִ֤ישׁ
friend
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#3
שְׁלוֹמִ֨י׀
Yea mine own familiar
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace
#4
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#5
בָּטַ֣חְתִּי
in whom I trusted
properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
#6
ב֭וֹ
H0
#7
אוֹכֵ֣ל
which did eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#8
לַחְמִ֑י
of my bread
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
#9
הִגְדִּ֖יל
hath lifted up
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
#10
עָלַ֣י
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#11
עָקֵֽב׃
his heel
a heel (as protuberant); hence, a track; figuratively, the rear (of an army)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection