Psalms 40:2

Authorized King James Version

He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּעֲלֵ֤נִי׀
He brought me up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#2
מִבּ֥וֹר
pit
a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)
#3
שָׁאוֹן֮
also out of an horrible
uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
#4
מִטִּ֪יט
clay
mud or clay; figuratively, calamity
#5
הַיָּ֫וֵ֥ן
out of the miry
properly, dregs (as effervescing); hence, mud
#6
וַיָּ֖קֶם
and set
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#7
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
סֶ֥לַע
upon a rock
a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
#9
רַגְלַ֗י
my feet
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
#10
כּוֹנֵ֥ן
and established
properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,
#11
אֲשֻׁרָֽי׃
my goings
a step

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection