Psalms 37:21

Authorized King James Version

The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לוֶֹ֣ה
borroweth
properly, to twine; also to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (causative) to lend
#2
רָ֭שָׁע
The wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
#3
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם
and payeth not again
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
#5
וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק
but the righteous
just
#6
חוֹנֵ֥ן
sheweth mercy
properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e., move to favor by petition)
#7
וְנוֹתֵֽן׃
and giveth
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to Psalms. The concept of mercy reflects the development of divine love within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection