Deuteronomy 28:12

Authorized King James Version

The LORD shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יִפְתַּ֣ח
shall open
to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
#2
יְהוָ֣ה׀
The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#3
לְ֠ךָ
H0
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
אֽוֹצָר֨וֹ
treasure
a depository
#6
הַטּ֜וֹב
unto thee his good
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם
the heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#9
לָתֵ֤ת
to give
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#10
מְטַֽר
the rain
rain
#11
אַרְצְךָ֙
unto thy land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#12
בְּעִתּ֔וֹ
in his season
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#13
וּלְבָרֵ֕ךְ
and to bless
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
#14
אֵ֖ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#16
מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה
all the work
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
#17
יָדֶ֑ךָ
of thine hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#18
תִלְוֶֽה׃
and thou shalt lend
properly, to twine; also to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (causative) to lend
#19
גּוֹיִ֣ם
nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#20
רַבִּ֔ים
unto many
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#21
וְאַתָּ֖ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#22
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#23
תִלְוֶֽה׃
and thou shalt lend
properly, to twine; also to borrow (as a form of obligation) or (causative) to lend

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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