Psalms 118:12

Authorized King James Version

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They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them.

Original Language Analysis

סַבּ֤וּנִי They compassed me about H5437
סַבּ֤וּנִי They compassed me about
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 1 of 9
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
כִדְבוֹרִ֗ים like bees H1682
כִדְבוֹרִ֗ים like bees
Strong's: H1682
Word #: 2 of 9
the bee (from its systematic instincts)
דֹּ֭עֲכוּ they are quenched H1846
דֹּ֭עֲכוּ they are quenched
Strong's: H1846
Word #: 3 of 9
to be extinguished; figuratively, to expire or be dried up
כְּאֵ֣שׁ as the fire H784
כְּאֵ֣שׁ as the fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 4 of 9
fire (literally or figuratively)
קוֹצִ֑ים of thorns H6975
קוֹצִ֑ים of thorns
Strong's: H6975
Word #: 5 of 9
a thorn
בְּשֵׁ֥ם for in the name H8034
בְּשֵׁ֥ם for in the name
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 6 of 9
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
יְ֝הוָ֗ה of the LORD H3068
יְ֝הוָ֗ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 7 of 9
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 9
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אֲמִילַֽם׃ I will destroy H4135
אֲמִילַֽם׃ I will destroy
Strong's: H4135
Word #: 9 of 9
to cut short, i.e., curtail (specifically the prepuce, i.e., to circumcise); by implication, to blunt; figuratively, to destroy

Analysis & Commentary

They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. The third repetition adds vivid imagery. S'vavuni chid'vorim (they surrounded me like bees) pictures swarming attack—multiple enemies, aggressive assault, painful stings, overwhelming numbers. Bees attack in coordinated swarms, making defense difficult. Yet the counterimage follows: they are quenched as the fire of thorns (do'achu k'esh kotzim). Do'achu (are quenched/extinguished) pictures fire going out. Esh kotzim (fire of thorns) burns hot and fast but briefly—thorns provide quick kindling that blazes intensely then dies quickly, leaving only ash.

The double simile contrasts apparent threat with actual outcome. Enemies swarm like bees—numerous, painful, frightening—yet extinguish like thorn-fire—quickly, completely, leaving no lasting damage. What seems overwhelming proves ephemeral when confronted by divine power. The refrain returns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. The threefold repetition (vv. 10-12) hammers home this truth: no matter how numerous, aggressive, or painful the enemy assault, invocation of God's name brings decisive victory.

Historical Context

Ancient warfare regularly faced literal swarms—not just metaphorical. Exodus 23:28 and Deuteronomy 7:20 describe God sending hornets before Israel to drive out Canaanites. Deborah's victory over Sisera involved divine intervention through nature (Judges 4-5). The image of enemies as bees appears in Deuteronomy 1:44 describing Amorite pursuit of Israel. Fire imagery pervades judgment passages: Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19), Nadab and Abihu (Leviticus 10), Elijah's altar (1 Kings 18), the final judgment (Revelation 20:9-10). Isaiah 27:4 pictures God burning thorns and briers representing enemies. The New Testament speaks of testing by fire (1 Corinthians 3:13) and enemies of the cross facing destruction (Philippians 3:18-19).

Questions for Reflection