Proverbs 29:11

Authorized King James Version

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A fool uttereth all his mind: but a wise man keepeth it in till afterwards.

Original Language Analysis

כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 7
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
ר֭וּחוֹ all his mind H7307
ר֭וּחוֹ all his mind
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 2 of 7
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
יוֹצִ֣יא uttereth H3318
יוֹצִ֣יא uttereth
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 3 of 7
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
כְסִ֑יל A fool H3684
כְסִ֑יל A fool
Strong's: H3684
Word #: 4 of 7
properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly
וְ֝חָכָ֗ם but a wise H2450
וְ֝חָכָ֗ם but a wise
Strong's: H2450
Word #: 5 of 7
wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)
בְּאָח֥וֹר it in till afterwards H268
בְּאָח֥וֹר it in till afterwards
Strong's: H268
Word #: 6 of 7
the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west
יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּה׃ man keepeth H7623
יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּה׃ man keepeth
Strong's: H7623
Word #: 7 of 7
properly, to address in a loud tone, i.e., (specifically) loud

Analysis & Commentary

A fool uttereth all his mind (כְּסִיל כָּל־רוּחוֹ יוֹצִיא)—the kesil (stubborn fool) pours out all his spirit/mind (ruach). The verb yotzi (brings forth) suggests uncontrolled verbal discharge—emotional incontinence. The fool lacks self-control and filters, broadcasting every thought and feeling without discernment.

But a wise man keepeth it in till afterwards (וְחָכָם בְּאָחוֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶנָּה)—the wise person restrains (yeshabchenah, keeps back/stills) his spirit until the appropriate time (be'achor, afterwards/later). Wisdom exercises emotional regulation and strategic silence. James 1:19 echoes this: 'swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.' Proverbs 17:27-28 similarly praises restrained speech.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature highly valued controlled speech as evidence of mature character. Court life required discretion; hasty or unfiltered speech could mean death (Ecclesiastes 5:1-7). Counselors who spoke all their thoughts were useless; kings needed advisors with judgment about timing and propriety.

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