Nehemiah 1:4

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven,

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֞י H1961
וַיְהִ֞י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כְּשָׁמְעִ֣י׀ And it came to pass when I heard H8085
כְּשָׁמְעִ֣י׀ And it came to pass when I heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 2 of 15
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַדְּבָרִ֣ים these words H1697
הַדְּבָרִ֣ים these words
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 4 of 15
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הָאֵ֗לֶּה H428
הָאֵ֗לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 5 of 15
these or those
יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ that I sat down H3427
יָשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ that I sat down
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 6 of 15
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֔ה and wept H1058
וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֔ה and wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 7 of 15
to weep; generally to bemoan
וָֽאֶתְאַבְּלָ֖ה and mourned H56
וָֽאֶתְאַבְּלָ֖ה and mourned
Strong's: H56
Word #: 8 of 15
to bewail
יָמִ֑ים certain days H3117
יָמִ֑ים certain days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 9 of 15
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
וָֽאֱהִ֥י H1961
וָֽאֱהִ֥י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 10 of 15
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
צָם֙ and fasted H6684
צָם֙ and fasted
Strong's: H6684
Word #: 11 of 15
to cover over (the mouth), i.e., to fast
וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל and prayed H6419
וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל and prayed
Strong's: H6419
Word #: 12 of 15
to judge (officially or mentally); by extension, to intercede, pray
לִפְנֵ֖י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֖י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 13 of 15
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
אֱלֹהֵ֥י the God H430
אֱלֹהֵ֥י the God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 14 of 15
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ of heaven H8064
הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ of heaven
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 15 of 15
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven,

Nehemiah's response demonstrates godly character through five progressive actions: sitting, weeping, mourning, fasting, and praying. The Hebrew verbs indicate sustained, prolonged action—not momentary emotion but deep, continuing engagement. 'Sat down' suggests being overwhelmed, unable to continue normal activity. The progression shows deepening spiritual response: emotional (weeping), extended grief (mourning), physical discipline (fasting), and spiritual engagement (praying).

'Certain days' (literally 'days') likely refers to the four-month period between Chislev (v.1, Nov-Dec) and Nisan (2:1, Mar-Apr). This extended season of fasting and prayer prepared Nehemiah spiritually before approaching the king. The order matters—fasting accompanied and prepared for prayer, not as mechanical ritual but as spiritual discipline increasing focus on God. 'Before the God of heaven' acknowledges divine sovereignty and transcendence. True burden for God's work produces genuine, sustained grief, not casual concern or momentary sympathy.

Historical Context

Fasting was practiced throughout Israel's history as sign of repentance, mourning, or seeking God's intervention (Joel 2:12-13, Ezra 8:21-23). Unlike pagan religions where fasting manipulated gods, biblical fasting expressed dependence on God and subordination of physical needs to spiritual priorities. The prolonged nature (potentially 4 months) shows this wasn't theatrical display but genuine spiritual exercise.

Nehemiah's grief reflected covenant theology—Jerusalem's ruin wasn't merely political disaster but theological crisis. The city bearing God's name lying in disgrace raised questions about God's faithfulness to His promises. Nehemiah's burden flowed from understanding God's purposes, not merely ethnic loyalty or patriotic sentiment. His response models how covenant people should respond to God's name being dishonored.

Questions for Reflection

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