Ezra 10:1

Authorized King James Version

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Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore.

Original Language Analysis

וּכְהִתְפַּלֵּ֤ל had prayed H6419
וּכְהִתְפַּלֵּ֤ל had prayed
Strong's: H6419
Word #: 1 of 22
to judge (officially or mentally); by extension, to intercede, pray
עֶזְרָא֙ Now when Ezra H5830
עֶזְרָא֙ Now when Ezra
Strong's: H5830
Word #: 2 of 22
ezra, an israelite
וּכְ֨הִתְוַדֹּת֔וֹ and when he had confessed H3034
וּכְ֨הִתְוַדֹּת֔וֹ and when he had confessed
Strong's: H3034
Word #: 3 of 22
physically, to throw (a stone, an arrow) at or away; especially to revere or worship (with extended hands); intensively, to bemoan (by wringing the ha
בָכ֥וּ weeping H1058
בָכ֥וּ weeping
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 4 of 22
to weep; generally to bemoan
וּמִתְנַפֵּ֔ל and casting himself down H5307
וּמִתְנַפֵּ֔ל and casting himself down
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 5 of 22
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
לִפְנֵ֖י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֖י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
בֵּ֣ית the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 7 of 22
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God H430
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 8 of 22
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
נִקְבְּצוּ֩ there assembled H6908
נִקְבְּצוּ֩ there assembled
Strong's: H6908
Word #: 9 of 22
to grasp, i.e., collect
אֵלָ֨יו H413
אֵלָ֨יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 10 of 22
near, with or among; often in general, to
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֜ל unto him out of Israel H3478
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֜ל unto him out of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 11 of 22
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קָהָ֣ל congregation H6951
קָהָ֣ל congregation
Strong's: H6951
Word #: 12 of 22
assemblage (usually concretely)
רַב great H7227
רַב great
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 13 of 22
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
מְאֹ֗ד a very H3966
מְאֹ֗ד a very
Strong's: H3966
Word #: 14 of 22
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
אֲנָשִׁ֤ים of men H582
אֲנָשִׁ֤ים of men
Strong's: H582
Word #: 15 of 22
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
וְנָשִׁים֙ and women H802
וְנָשִׁים֙ and women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 16 of 22
a woman
וִֽילָדִ֔ים and children H3206
וִֽילָדִ֔ים and children
Strong's: H3206
Word #: 17 of 22
something born, i.e., a lad or offspring
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 18 of 22
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בָכ֥וּ weeping H1058
בָכ֥וּ weeping
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 19 of 22
to weep; generally to bemoan
הָעָ֖ם for the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם for the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 20 of 22
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
הַרְבֵּה very H7235
הַרְבֵּה very
Strong's: H7235
Word #: 21 of 22
to increase (in whatever respect)
בֶֽכֶה׃ sore H1059
בֶֽכֶה׃ sore
Strong's: H1059
Word #: 22 of 22
a weeping

Cross References

Daniel 9:20And whiles I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God;Psalms 119:136Rivers of waters run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy law.Romans 9:2That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.1 Kings 8:30And hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant, and of thy people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place: and hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place: and when thou hearest, forgive.Nehemiah 8:9And Nehemiah, which is the Tirshatha, and Ezra the priest the scribe, and the Levites that taught the people, said unto all the people, This day is holy unto the LORD your God; mourn not, nor weep. For all the people wept, when they heard the words of the law.Luke 19:41And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it,Nehemiah 10:28And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethinims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having understanding;Zechariah 12:10And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.2 Chronicles 20:9If, when evil cometh upon us, as the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we stand before this house, and in thy presence, (for thy name is in this house,) and cry unto thee in our affliction, then thou wilt hear and help.

Analysis & Commentary

Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore. Ezra's public mourning over Israel's sin catalyzed corporate repentance. The participles 'weeping and casting himself down' describe prostrate grief, not merely emotional display but physical embodiment of spiritual anguish. The location 'before the house of God' made his intercession highly visible, modeling leadership that mourns over sin rather than excusing it.

The response—'there assembled unto him... a very great congregation'—shows genuine leadership influence. Ezra didn't command attendance but attracted it through authentic spiritual burden. His grief over sin proved contagious as 'the people wept very sore' (vayyivku ha'am harbeh), indicating intense, widespread mourning. The inclusion of 'men and women and children' emphasizes comprehensive community participation, not merely religious leaders.

Theologically, this models how godly leadership catalyzes corporate repentance. Ezra's mourning wasn't manipulative performance but authentic grief over covenant violation. His example awakened the community's dormant conscience, demonstrating that passionate spiritual leadership stirs corresponding passion in God's people. Leaders who deeply feel sin's offense against God evoke similar awareness in others.

Historical Context

Ezra's prayer (Ezra 9:5-15) followed discovery of widespread intermarriage between returned exiles and pagan peoples (Ezra 9:1-4). This violated explicit Torah prohibition (Exodus 34:15-16, Deuteronomy 7:3-4) designed to prevent idolatry. The issue wasn't racial but religious—pagan spouses threatened to draw Israelites into idolatry, as had occurred with Solomon (1 Kings 11:1-8) and others throughout Israel's history.

Ezra's extreme grief reflected understanding of Israel's history. Previous generations' covenant unfaithfulness had resulted in exile and destruction. Now, barely established in the land, the community was repeating the very sins that caused catastrophe. Ezra feared God's judgment would strike again, potentially ending the restoration permanently. His mourning expressed existential terror about Israel's survival, not merely moral disapproval.

The public nature of Ezra's intercession occurred in the temple precincts where crowds gathered for worship. His prominent position as scribe and spiritual leader meant his actions drew attention. Rather than private rebuke, he chose public mourning, calling the community to self-examination and corporate repentance through personal example.

Questions for Reflection