Luke 19:41

Authorized King James Version

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And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it,

Original Language Analysis

Καὶ And G2532
Καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 9
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὡς when G5613
ὡς when
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 2 of 9
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
ἤγγισεν he was come near G1448
ἤγγισεν he was come near
Strong's: G1448
Word #: 3 of 9
to make near, i.e., (reflexively) approach
ἰδὼν he beheld G1492
ἰδὼν he beheld
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 4 of 9
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πόλιν the city G4172
πόλιν the city
Strong's: G4172
Word #: 6 of 9
a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)
ἔκλαυσεν and wept G2799
ἔκλαυσεν and wept
Strong's: G2799
Word #: 7 of 9
to sob, i.e., wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
ἐπ' over G1909
ἐπ' over
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 8 of 9
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
αὐτή, it G846
αὐτή, it
Strong's: G846
Word #: 9 of 9
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus weeps over Jerusalem: 'And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it.' As Jesus approached Jerusalem, 'he beheld the city' (ἰδὼν τὴν πόλιν, idōn tēn polin) 'and wept over it' (ἔκλαυσεν ἐπ' αὐτήν, eklausen ep' autēn). The verb 'eklausen' indicates loud, audible weeping, not quiet tears. This is one of two recorded instances of Jesus weeping (the other at Lazarus' tomb, John 11:35). His grief stems from knowing Jerusalem's coming judgment—within 40 years, Rome would destroy the city, killing thousands, ending the temple system (fulfilled AD 70). But deeper than temporal judgment, Jesus grieves over spiritual blindness that rejects salvation. Their hardness of heart breaks His tender heart. This scene reveals Christ's compassionate nature—He weeps over those who reject Him.

Historical Context

Jerusalem's destruction in AD 70 was one of history's great tragedies—hundreds of thousands died, the temple was razed, survivors were enslaved or scattered. Jesus predicted this catastrophe (Luke 21:20-24, Matthew 24:2). His tears demonstrate that divine judgment, though just, brings God no pleasure. Ezekiel 18:32 declares, 'I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth.' 2 Peter 3:9 affirms God is 'not willing that any should perish.' Jesus' weeping over Jerusalem embodies this divine grief. God must judge sin, but judgment pains Him. This contradicts caricatures of an angry, vengeful deity. Jesus' tears reveal God's heart: He longs for repentance, grieves over rejection, and finds no joy in necessary judgment.

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