Psalms 119:158

I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word.

Word-by-Word Analysis

רָאִ֣יתִי

H7200

I beheld

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

בֹ֭גְדִים

H898

the transgressors

to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage

וָֽאֶתְקוֹטָ֑טָה

H6962

and was grieved

properly, to cut off, i.e., (figuratively) detest

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

אִ֝מְרָתְךָ֗

H565

not thy word

an utterance

לֹ֣א

H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָׁמָֽרוּ׃

H8104

because they kept

properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

How does this passage contribute to our understanding of the progressive revelation of God's purposes throughout Scripture, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address questions about God's character and purposes in the modern world, and how should the church respond?