Nehemiah 1:3

Authorized King James Version

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And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֮ And they said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֮ And they said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 18
to say (used with great latitude)
לִי֒ H0
לִי֒
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 18
נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ that are left H7604
נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ that are left
Strong's: H7604
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
אֲשֶֽׁר H834
אֲשֶֽׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ that are left H7604
נִשְׁאֲר֤וּ that are left
Strong's: H7604
Word #: 5 of 18
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 6 of 18
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַשְּׁבִי֙ of the captivity H7628
הַשְּׁבִי֙ of the captivity
Strong's: H7628
Word #: 7 of 18
exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty
שָׁ֣ם H8033
שָׁ֣ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 8 of 18
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה there in the province H4082
בַּמְּדִינָ֔ה there in the province
Strong's: H4082
Word #: 9 of 18
properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region
בְּרָעָ֥ה affliction H7451
בְּרָעָ֥ה affliction
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 10 of 18
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
גְדֹלָ֖ה are in great H1419
גְדֹלָ֖ה are in great
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 11 of 18
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה and reproach H2781
וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה and reproach
Strong's: H2781
Word #: 12 of 18
contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
וְחוֹמַ֤ת the wall H2346
וְחוֹמַ֤ת the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 13 of 18
a wall of protection
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ of Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ of Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 14 of 18
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
מְפֹרָ֔צֶת also is broken down H6555
מְפֹרָ֔צֶת also is broken down
Strong's: H6555
Word #: 15 of 18
to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)
וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ and the gates H8179
וּשְׁעָרֶ֖יהָ and the gates
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 16 of 18
an opening, i.e., door or gate
נִצְּת֥וּ thereof are burned H3341
נִצְּת֥וּ thereof are burned
Strong's: H3341
Word #: 17 of 18
to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to desolate
בָאֵֽשׁ׃ with fire H784
בָאֵֽשׁ׃ with fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 18 of 18
fire (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire.

The report reveals devastating conditions. 'Great affliction' (ra'ah gedolah, רָעָה גְדֹלָה) indicates severe distress and calamity. 'Reproach' (cherpah, חֶרְפָּה) suggests shame, disgrace, and mockery—the covenant people suffering humiliation before pagans who interpreted their weakness as their God's weakness. The province (medinah, מְדִינָה) refers to Judah as a Persian administrative district, emphasizing their subjugated status.

The broken wall and burned gates left Jerusalem defenseless and dishonored. Walls provided security from enemies, dignity for inhabitants, and testimony to observers. Their destruction likely resulted from events around 446 BC when opponents successfully stopped rebuilding efforts (Ezra 4:7-23). The phrase 'burned with fire' indicates deliberate, thorough destruction—not mere decay but hostile action. Theologically, this represented more than physical ruin; the holy city's disgrace reflected poorly on Yahweh's reputation among nations. The city bearing God's name lying in ruins created theological crisis demanding resolution.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern cities derived security, commerce, and status from their walls. Fortifications demonstrated power and provided protection from raiders and invading armies. Jerusalem's broken walls left the population vulnerable to attack and economic exploitation. The mention of burned gates suggests relatively recent destruction—timber would have decomposed if from the Babylonian destruction of 586 BC, over 140 years prior.

The 'reproach' reflects how ancient peoples viewed national deities through their peoples' fortunes. If Israel suffered, observers concluded Yahweh was weak. This dynamic appears throughout the prophets (Ezekiel 36:20-23) where God acts for His name's sake. The struggle of the post-exilic community, despite divine promises of restoration, created dissonance requiring faith in God's ultimate purposes despite present circumstances.

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