Nehemiah 1:2

Authorized King James Version

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That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֨א came H935
וַיָּבֹ֨א came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 17
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
חֲנָ֜נִי That Hanani H2607
חֲנָ֜נִי That Hanani
Strong's: H2607
Word #: 2 of 17
chanani, the name of six israelites
אֶחָ֧ד one H259
אֶחָ֧ד one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 3 of 17
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
מֵֽאַחַ֛י of my brethren H251
מֵֽאַחַ֛י of my brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 4 of 17
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
ה֥וּא H1931
ה֥וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 5 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וַֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים H376
וַֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 17
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מִֽיהוּדָ֑ה of Judah H3063
מִֽיהוּדָ֑ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 7 of 17
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
וָֽאֶשְׁאָלֵ֞ם and I asked H7592
וָֽאֶשְׁאָלֵ֞ם and I asked
Strong's: H7592
Word #: 8 of 17
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 9 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים them concerning the Jews H3064
הַיְּהוּדִ֧ים them concerning the Jews
Strong's: H3064
Word #: 10 of 17
a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)
הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה that had escaped H6413
הַפְּלֵיטָ֛ה that had escaped
Strong's: H6413
Word #: 11 of 17
deliverance; concretely, an escaped portion
אֲשֶֽׁר H834
אֲשֶֽׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 12 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ which were left H7604
נִשְׁאֲר֥וּ which were left
Strong's: H7604
Word #: 13 of 17
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
מִן H4480
מִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַשֶּׁ֖בִי of the captivity H7628
הַשֶּׁ֖בִי of the captivity
Strong's: H7628
Word #: 15 of 17
exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty
וְעַל H5921
וְעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ and concerning Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ and concerning Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 17 of 17
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine

Analysis & Commentary

That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem.

Hanani appears again in 7:2 as one whom Nehemiah appoints over Jerusalem, likely indicating he was Nehemiah's biological brother. The phrase 'one of my brethren' could mean brother or fellow Jew, but the later reference suggests family relation. 'Certain men of Judah' indicates a delegation, perhaps traveling for business or bringing reports to exiled Jews. Nehemiah's immediate question reveals his heart's priority—despite years in Persia, Jerusalem remained central to his identity.

The phrase 'the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity' refers to those who survived exile and returned to Judah, distinguishing them from Jews still in dispersion. Sha'al (שָׁאַל, 'asked') suggests earnest, persistent questioning—not casual inquiry but deep concern. His dual focus on people ('the Jews') and place ('Jerusalem') shows balanced concern for both community and location. This reflects covenant theology where God chose both a people and a place for His name to dwell.

Historical Context

Travel between Judah and Persia occurred regularly for various reasons—commerce, official business, and maintaining family connections. The 900-mile journey took approximately four months, indicating this wasn't casual travel but purposeful undertaking. The term 'remnant' theology dominated post-exilic thought—Isaiah and Jeremiah had prophesied that a remnant would survive judgment and return. These weren't merely survivors but the covenant community through whom God would fulfill His promises.

Archaeological evidence from this period shows Jerusalem was a small, impoverished settlement compared to its former glory. The returned community struggled economically and politically, vulnerable to hostile neighbors. Yet covenant-faithful Jews like Nehemiah, despite comfortable lives in exile, maintained deep connection to the land and people of God's choosing.

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