Leviticus 19:18

Authorized King James Version

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Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 12
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תִקֹּ֤ם Thou shalt not avenge H5358
תִקֹּ֤ם Thou shalt not avenge
Strong's: H5358
Word #: 2 of 12
to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 3 of 12
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
תִטֹּר֙ nor bear any grudge H5201
תִטֹּר֙ nor bear any grudge
Strong's: H5201
Word #: 4 of 12
to guard; figuratively, to cherish (anger)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּנֵ֣י against the children H1121
בְּנֵ֣י against the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 12
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמֶּ֔ךָ of thy people H5971
עַמֶּ֔ךָ of thy people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 7 of 12
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ but thou shalt love H157
וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ but thou shalt love
Strong's: H157
Word #: 8 of 12
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
לְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ thy neighbour H7453
לְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ thy neighbour
Strong's: H7453
Word #: 9 of 12
an associate (more or less close)
כָּמ֑וֹךָ as thyself H3644
כָּמ֑וֹךָ as thyself
Strong's: H3644
Word #: 10 of 12
as, thus, so
אֲנִ֖י H589
אֲנִ֖י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 11 of 12
i
יְהוָֽה׃ I am the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ I am the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 12 of 12
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

This verse falls within the section on Various Laws of Holiness. Wide-ranging ethical and ceremonial laws, including the command to 'love your neighbor as yourself' (19:18).


Every sacrifice and ritual in Leviticus points forward to Jesus Christ, who fulfills the entire sacrificial system as both perfect sacrifice and eternal high priest.

Historical Context

Wide-ranging ethical and ceremonial laws, including the command to 'love your neighbor as yourself' (19:18). Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. The tabernacle's design parallels ancient Near Eastern temple architecture, yet its portable nature and absence of divine images distinguished it from pagan temples.

Questions for Reflection

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