Romans 12:19

Authorized King James Version

Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#2
ἑαυτοὺς
yourselves
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
#3
ἐκδικοῦντες
avenge
to vindicate, retaliate, punish
#4
ἀγαπητοί
G27
Dearly beloved
beloved
#5
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#6
δότε
rather give
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#7
τόπον
place
a spot (general in space, but limited by occupancy; whereas g5561 is a large but participle locality), i.e., location (as a position, home, tract, etc
#8
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ὀργῇ
unto wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#10
γέγραπται
it is written
to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe
#11
γάρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#12
Ἐμοὶ
is mine
to me
#13
ἐκδίκησις
Vengeance
vindication, retribution
#14
ἐγὼ
I
i, me
#15
ἀνταποδώσω
will repay
to requite (good or evil)
#16
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#17
κύριος
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of love connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about love, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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