Leviticus 10:1

Authorized King James Version

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And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקְח֣וּ took H3947
וַיִּקְח֣וּ took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 1 of 22
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
בְנֵֽי the sons H1121
בְנֵֽי the sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 2 of 22
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אַ֠הֲרֹן of Aaron H175
אַ֠הֲרֹן of Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 3 of 22
aharon, the brother of moses
נָדָ֨ב And Nadab H5070
נָדָ֨ב And Nadab
Strong's: H5070
Word #: 4 of 22
nadab, the name of four israelites
וַֽאֲבִיה֜וּא and Abihu H30
וַֽאֲבִיה֜וּא and Abihu
Strong's: H30
Word #: 5 of 22
abihu, a son of aaron
אִ֣ישׁ either H376
אִ֣ישׁ either
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מַחְתָּת֗וֹ of them his censer H4289
מַחְתָּת֗וֹ of them his censer
Strong's: H4289
Word #: 7 of 22
a pan for live coals
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ and put H5414
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ and put
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 22
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בָהֵן֙ therein H2004
בָהֵן֙ therein
Strong's: H2004
Word #: 9 of 22
they (only used when emphatic)
אֵ֣שׁ fire H784
אֵ֣שׁ fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 10 of 22
fire (literally or figuratively)
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ and put H7760
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ and put
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 11 of 22
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
עָלֶ֖יהָ H5921
עָלֶ֖יהָ
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 12 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
קְטֹ֑רֶת incense H7004
קְטֹ֑רֶת incense
Strong's: H7004
Word #: 13 of 22
a fumigation
וַיַּקְרִ֜יבוּ thereon and offered H7126
וַיַּקְרִ֜יבוּ thereon and offered
Strong's: H7126
Word #: 14 of 22
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
לִפְנֵ֤י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֤י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 15 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָה֙ the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 16 of 22
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֵ֣שׁ fire H784
אֵ֣שׁ fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 17 of 22
fire (literally or figuratively)
זָרָ֔ה strange H2114
זָרָ֔ה strange
Strong's: H2114
Word #: 18 of 22
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 19 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לֹ֦א H3808
לֹ֦א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 20 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
צִוָּ֖ה which he commanded H6680
צִוָּ֖ה which he commanded
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 21 of 22
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
אֹתָֽם׃ H853
אֹתָֽם׃
Strong's: H853
Word #: 22 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Cross References

Numbers 26:61And Nadab and Abihu died, when they offered strange fire before the LORD.Leviticus 16:12And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail:Deuteronomy 12:32What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.Numbers 16:46And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun.Exodus 24:1And he said unto Moses, Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off.Exodus 6:23And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.Psalms 141:2Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.Exodus 28:1And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons.Exodus 24:9Then went up Moses, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel:Leviticus 22:9They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify them.

Analysis & Commentary

And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

This verse falls within the section on Nadab and Abihu's Unauthorized Fire. The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek.
Hebrews 9-10 explains how Christ's once-for-all sacrifice supersedes the repeated Levitical offerings, providing permanent cleansing from sin.

Historical Context

The tragic death of Aaron's sons for offering unauthorized fire demonstrates the severity of approaching God improperly. Chapters 8-10 describe the priesthood's consecration and early ministry. Aaron and his sons received special anointing for their mediatorial role between God and Israel. The tragic account of Nadab and Abihu (ch. 10) demonstrates that approaching God requires reverence and obedience. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Ancient sacrificial texts from cultures surrounding Israel demonstrate the widespread practice of animal sacrifice, but Israel's system uniquely emphasized moral atonement over magical efficacy.

Questions for Reflection

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