John 9:4

Authorized King James Version

I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐμὲ
I
me
#2
δεῖ
must
also deon deh-on'; neuter active participle of the same; both used impersonally; it is (was, etc.) necessary (as binding)
#3
ἐργάζεσθαι
work
to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with, etc
#4
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἔργα
the works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#6
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
πέμψαντός
of him that sent
to dispatch (from the subjective view or point of departure, whereas ???? (as a stronger form of ????) refers rather to the objective point or <i>term
#8
με
me
me
#9
ἕως
while
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
#10
ἡμέρα
day
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#11
ἐστίν·
it is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#12
ἔρχεται
cometh
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#13
νὺξ
the night
"night" (literally or figuratively)
#14
ὅτε
when
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
#15
οὐδεὶς
no man
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#16
δύναται
can
to be able or possible
#17
ἐργάζεσθαι
work
to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with, etc

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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