John 8:19

Authorized King James Version

Then said they unto him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye neither know me, nor my Father: if ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἔλεγον
said they
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
αὐτῷ
unto him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
Ποῦ
Where
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
#5
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
πατέρα
Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#8
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#9
ἀπεκρίθη
answered
to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)
#10
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#12
οὔτε
neither
not too, i.e., neither or nor; by analogy, not even
#13
ἐμὲ
me
me
#14
ᾔδειτε
Ye
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#15
οὔτε
neither
not too, i.e., neither or nor; by analogy, not even
#16
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
πατέρα
Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#18
μου
my
of me
#19
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#20
ἐμὲ
me
me
#21
ᾔδειτε
Ye
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#22
καὶ
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#23
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
πατέρα
Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#25
μου
my
of me
#26
ᾔδειτε
Ye
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#27
ἂν
also
whatsoever

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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