John 18:11

Authorized King James Version

Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἶπεν
said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Πέτρῳ
unto Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#7
Βάλε
Put up
to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense)
#8
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
μάχαιραν
sword
a knife, i.e., dirk; figuratively, war, judicial punishment
#10
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#11
εἰς
into
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#12
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
θήκην·
the sheath
a receptacle, i.e., scabbard
#14
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
ποτήριον
the cup
a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e., a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate
#16
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#17
δέδωκέν
hath given
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#18
μοι
me
to me
#19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
πατὴρ
my Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#21
οὐ
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#22
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#23
πίω
drink
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#24
αὐτό
it
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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