John 18:12

Authorized King James Version

Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
σπεῖρα
the band
a coil (spira, "spire"), i.e., (figuratively) a mass of men (a roman military cohort; also (by analogy) a squad of levitical janitors)
#4
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
χιλίαρχος
the captain
the commander of a thousand soldiers ("chiliarch"; i.e., colonel
#7
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ὑπηρέται
officers
an under-oarsman, i.e., (generally) subordinate (assistant, sexton, constable)
#10
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
Ἰουδαίων
of the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#12
συνέλαβον
took
to clasp, i.e., seize (arrest, capture); specially, to conceive (literally or figuratively); by implication, to aid
#13
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
ἔδησαν
bound
to bind (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
#17
αὐτὸν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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