John 13:3

Authorized King James Version

Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰδὼς
knowing
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#2
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#4
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#5
πάντα
all things
all, any, every, the whole
#6
δἔδωκεν
had given
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#7
αὐτῷ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#8
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
πατὴρ
the Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#10
εἰς
into
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#11
τὰς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
χεῖρας
hands
the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)
#13
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#15
ἀπὸ
from
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#16
θεὸν
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#17
ἐξῆλθεν
he was come
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#18
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#19
πρὸς
to
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#20
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
θεὸν
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#22
ὑπάγει
went
to lead (oneself) under, i.e., withdraw or retire (as if sinking out of sight), literally or figuratively

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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