John 13:4

Authorized King James Version

He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐγείρεται
He riseth
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from
#2
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#3
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
δείπνου
supper
dinner, i.e., the chief meal (usually in the evening)
#5
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
τίθησιν
laid aside
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
#7
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἱμάτια
garments
a dress (inner or outer)
#9
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
λαβὼν
took
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#11
λέντιον
a towel
a "linen" cloth, i.e., apron
#12
διέζωσεν
and girded
to gird tightly
#13
ἑαυτόν·
himself
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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