John 13:1

Authorized King James Version

Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Πρὸ
before
"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
#2
δὲ
Now
but, and, etc
#3
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἑορτῆς
the feast
a festival
#5
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
πάσχα
of the passover
the passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
#7
εἰδὼς
knew
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#8
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
Ἰησοῦς
when Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#10
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#11
ἐλήλυθεν
was come
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#12
αὐτούς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#13
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ὥρα
hour
an "hour" (literally or figuratively)
#15
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#16
μεταβῇ
he should depart
to change place
#17
ἐκ
out of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#18
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
κόσμῳ
the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#20
τούτου
this
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)
#21
πρὸς
unto
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#22
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
πατέρα
the Father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#24
ἠγάπησεν
G25
having loved
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#25
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
ἰδίους
his own
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
#27
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#28
ἐν
were in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#29
τῷ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#30
κόσμῳ
the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#31
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#32
τέλος
the end
properly, the point aimed at as a limit, i.e., (by implication) the conclusion of an act or state (termination (literally, figuratively or indefinitel
#33
ἠγάπησεν
G25
having loved
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#34
αὐτούς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing love fundamental to theology proper, revealing God's essential nature and character and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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