Joel 2:31

Authorized King James Version

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙
The sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#2
יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ
shall be turned
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
#3
לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ
into darkness
the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness
#4
וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ
and the moon
the moon
#5
לְדָ֑ם
into blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#6
לִפְנֵ֗י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#7
בּ֚וֹא
come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#8
י֣וֹם
day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#9
יְהוָ֔ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#10
הַגָּד֖וֹל
the great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#11
וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃
and the terrible
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Joel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection