Joel 2:10

Authorized King James Version

The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shining:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לְפָנָיו֙
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#2
רָ֣גְזָה
shall quake
to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)
#3
אֶ֔רֶץ
The earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#4
רָעֲשׁ֖וּ
shall tremble
to undulate (as the earth, the sky, etc.; also a field of grain), particularly through fear; specifically, to spring (as a locust)
#5
שָׁמָ֑יִם
them the heavens
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#6
שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ
the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#7
וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙
and the moon
the moon
#8
קָדָ֔רוּ
shall be dark
to be ashy, i.e., dark-colored; by implication, to mourn (in sackcloth or sordid garments)
#9
וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים
and the stars
a star (as round or as shining); figuratively, a prince
#10
אָסְפ֥וּ
shall withdraw
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
#11
נָגְהָֽם׃
their shining
brilliancy (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection