Joel 2:23

Authorized King James Version

Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: for he hath given you the former rain moderately, and he will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in the first month.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּבְנֵ֣י
then ye children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#2
צִיּ֗וֹן
of Zion
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
#3
גִּ֤ילוּ
Be glad
properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e., usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear
#4
וְשִׂמְחוּ֙
and rejoice
probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
#5
בַּיהוָ֣ה
in the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם
your God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#7
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#8
נָתַ֥ן
for he hath given
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#9
לָכֶ֛ם
H0
#10
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
מוֹרֶ֥ה
the former rain
an archer; also teacher or teaching; also the early rain
#12
לִצְדָקָ֑ה
moderately
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#13
וַיּ֣וֹרֶד
and he will cause to come down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#14
לָכֶ֗ם
H0
#15
גֶּ֛שֶׁם
for you the rain
a shower
#16
מוֹרֶ֥ה
the former rain
an archer; also teacher or teaching; also the early rain
#17
וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ
and the latter rain
the spring rain; figuratively, eloquence
#18
בָּרִאשֽׁוֹן׃
in the first
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection