James 3:14

Authorized King James Version

But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
ζῆλον
envying
properly, heat, i.e., (figuratively) "zeal" (in a favorable sense, ardor; in an unfavorable one, jealousy, as of a husband (figuratively, of god), or
#4
πικρὸν
bitter
sharp (pungent), i.e., acrid (literally or figuratively)
#5
ἔχετε
ye have
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#6
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
ἐριθείαν
strife
properly, intrigue, i.e., (by implication) faction
#8
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#9
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
καρδίᾳ
hearts
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#11
ὑμῶν
your
of (from or concerning) you
#12
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#13
κατακαυχᾶσθε
glory
to exult against (i.e., over)
#14
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
ψεύδεσθε
lie not
to utter an untruth or attempt to deceive by falsehood
#16
κατὰ
against
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#17
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἀληθείας
the truth
truth

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing glory contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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