James 3:15

Authorized King James Version

This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
ἔστιν
descendeth
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#3
αὕτη
This
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
σοφία
wisdom
wisdom (higher or lower, worldly or spiritual)
#6
ἄνωθεν
from above
from above; by analogy, from the first; by implication, anew
#7
κατερχομένη
to come (or go) down (literally or figuratively)
#8
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#9
ἐπίγειος
is earthly
worldly (physically or morally)
#10
ψυχική
sensual
sensitive, i.e., animate (in distinction on the one hand from g4152, which is the higher or renovated nature; and on the other from g5446, which is th
#11
δαιμονιώδης
devilish
daemon-like

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing wisdom contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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