Isaiah 63:10

Authorized King James Version

But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהֵ֛מָּה
they (only used when emphatic)
#2
מָר֥וּ
But they rebelled
to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
#3
וְעִצְּב֖וּ
and vexed
properly, to carve, i.e., fabricate or fashion
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
ר֣וּחַ
Spirit
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#6
קָדְשׁ֑וֹ
his holy
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
#7
וַיֵּהָפֵ֥ךְ
therefore he was turned
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
#8
לָהֶ֛ם
H0
#9
לְאוֹיֵ֖ב
to be their enemy
hating; an adversary
#10
ה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#11
נִלְחַם
and he fought
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
#12
בָּֽם׃
H0

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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