Exodus 23:21
Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.
Original Language Analysis
הִשָּׁ֧מֶר
Beware
H8104
הִשָּׁ֧מֶר
Beware
Strong's:
H8104
Word #:
1 of 14
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
מִפָּנָ֛יו
of
H6440
מִפָּנָ֛יו
of
Strong's:
H6440
Word #:
2 of 14
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וּשְׁמַ֥ע
him and obey
H8085
וּשְׁמַ֥ע
him and obey
Strong's:
H8085
Word #:
3 of 14
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
אַל
H408
אַל
Strong's:
H408
Word #:
5 of 14
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
תַּמֵּ֣ר
provoke
H4843
תַּמֵּ֣ר
provoke
Strong's:
H4843
Word #:
6 of 14
to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
כִּ֣י
H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's:
H3588
Word #:
8 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לֹ֤א
H3808
לֹ֤א
Strong's:
H3808
Word #:
9 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִשָּׂא֙
him not for he will not pardon
H5375
יִשָּׂא֙
him not for he will not pardon
Strong's:
H5375
Word #:
10 of 14
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם
your transgressions
H6588
לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם
your transgressions
Strong's:
H6588
Word #:
11 of 14
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
כִּ֥י
H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's:
H3588
Word #:
12 of 14
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
Cross References
Psalms 78:56Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:Psalms 78:40How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!Hebrews 12:25See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven:Colossians 2:9For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily.Exodus 3:14And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you.John 10:30I and my Father are one.John 10:38But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know, and believe, that the Father is in me, and I in him.Joshua 24:19And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve the LORD: for he is an holy God; he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgressions nor your sins.Ephesians 4:30And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption.Deuteronomy 18:19And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him.
Historical Context
The Angel bearing God's name and refusing pardon for disobedience indicates divine status. Ancient Near Eastern messengers carried their sender's authority; this Angel carries God's very name—suggesting deity.
Questions for Reflection
- What does the Angel bearing God's name teach about his identity—is he merely angelic or divine?
- How does Hebrews 2:2-3 apply this warning about disobeying the Angel to rejecting Christ?
Related Resources
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Analysis & Commentary
Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.
The Angel commands reverence—'beware' (הִשָּׁמֶר, hisshamer), 'obey' (שְׁמַע, shema), 'provoke not' (אַל־תַּמֵּר, al-tammer). Why? 'My name is in him' (כִּי שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ, ki shemi beqirbo)—God's name/nature/presence indwells the Angel. 'He will not pardon transgressions'—resisting God's appointed leader brings judgment. This Angel is no mere creature; he bears God's name and authority. Hebrews 2:2-3 references this: 'the word spoken through angels' brought judgment; how much more rejecting Christ? Jesus says 'I have come in my Father's name' (John 5:43)—the Angel bearing God's name foreshadows Christ bearing the name 'YHWH our Righteousness.'