Hebrews 1:13

Authorized King James Version

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But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?

Original Language Analysis

πρὸς to G4314
πρὸς to
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 1 of 21
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τίνα which G5101
τίνα which
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 2 of 21
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 3 of 21
but, and, etc
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀγγέλων of the angels G32
ἀγγέλων of the angels
Strong's: G32
Word #: 5 of 21
compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor
εἴρηκέν said he G2046
εἴρηκέν said he
Strong's: G2046
Word #: 6 of 21
an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say
ποτε at any time G4218
ποτε at any time
Strong's: G4218
Word #: 7 of 21
indefinite adverb, at some time, ever
Κάθου Sit G2521
Κάθου Sit
Strong's: G2521
Word #: 8 of 21
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
ἐκ on G1537
ἐκ on
Strong's: G1537
Word #: 9 of 21
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
δεξιῶν right hand G1188
δεξιῶν right hand
Strong's: G1188
Word #: 10 of 21
the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)
μου my G3450
μου my
Strong's: G3450
Word #: 11 of 21
of me
ἕως G2193
ἕως
Strong's: G2193
Word #: 12 of 21
a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)
ἂν until G302
ἂν until
Strong's: G302
Word #: 13 of 21
whatsoever
θῶ I make G5087
θῶ I make
Strong's: G5087
Word #: 14 of 21
to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐχθρούς enemies G2190
ἐχθρούς enemies
Strong's: G2190
Word #: 16 of 21
hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)
σου thine G4675
σου thine
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 17 of 21
of thee, thy
ὑποπόδιον footstool G5286
ὑποπόδιον footstool
Strong's: G5286
Word #: 18 of 21
something under the feet, i.e., a foot-rest (figuratively)
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 19 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ποδῶν G4228
ποδῶν
Strong's: G4228
Word #: 20 of 21
a "foot" (figuratively or literally)
σου thine G4675
σου thine
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 21 of 21
of thee, thy

Analysis & Commentary

Quoting Psalm 110:1, the most cited OT text in the NT, this verse presents Christ's enthronement at God's right hand. The Greek 'dexiōn' (right hand) signifies the place of honor and power. The subjugation of enemies refers to Christ's ongoing reign until the final consummation. Reformed theology emphasizes Christ's present reign - He is not waiting to become king but reigns now, progressively subduing all opposition to His kingdom.

Historical Context

Psalm 110 was recognized as messianic in Second Temple Judaism. Jesus Himself used it to confound the Pharisees (Matthew 22:44). The author applies it to show Christ's superiority over angels, who are never invited to sit at God's right hand.

Questions for Reflection

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