Genesis 38:24

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961
וַיְהִ֣י׀
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ And it came to pass about three H7969
כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ And it came to pass about three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 2 of 17
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
חֳדָשִׁ֗ים months H2320
חֳדָשִׁ֗ים months
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 3 of 17
the new moon; by implication, a month
וַיֻּגַּ֨ד after that it was told H5046
וַיֻּגַּ֨ד after that it was told
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 4 of 17
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
יְהוּדָ֔ה And Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֔ה And Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 5 of 17
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 6 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
זָֽנְתָה֙ hath played the harlot H2181
זָֽנְתָה֙ hath played the harlot
Strong's: H2181
Word #: 7 of 17
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (
תָּמָ֣ר Tamar H8559
תָּמָ֣ר Tamar
Strong's: H8559
Word #: 8 of 17
tamar, the name of three women and a place
כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ thy daughter in law H3618
כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ thy daughter in law
Strong's: H3618
Word #: 9 of 17
a bride (as if perfect); hence, a son's wife
וְגַ֛ם H1571
וְגַ֛ם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 10 of 17
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
הִנֵּ֥ה H2009
הִנֵּ֥ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 11 of 17
lo!
הָרָ֖ה and also behold she is with child H2030
הָרָ֖ה and also behold she is with child
Strong's: H2030
Word #: 12 of 17
pregnant
לִזְנוּנִ֑ים by whoredom H2183
לִזְנוּנִ֑ים by whoredom
Strong's: H2183
Word #: 13 of 17
adultery; figuratively, idolatry
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוּדָ֔ה And Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֔ה And Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 15 of 17
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
הֽוֹצִיא֖וּהָ Bring her forth H3318
הֽוֹצִיא֖וּהָ Bring her forth
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 16 of 17
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ and let her be burnt H8313
וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ and let her be burnt
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 17 of 17
to be (causatively, set) on fire

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in ... This passage is part of the Joseph narrative, a masterfully crafted account demonstrating God's sovereign providence working through human choices and circumstances to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The Joseph cycle shows how God transforms evil intentions into instruments of salvation.

Central themes include divine providence orchestrating events toward redemptive ends, the testing and refinement of character through suffering and success, forgiveness overcoming betrayal and injustice, and the preservation of God's covenant people through famine. Joseph's rise from slavery to second-in-command of Egypt illustrates how God exalts the humble and uses seeming disasters for ultimate good.

Theologically, these chapters reveal:

  1. God's meticulous sovereignty over all events, even evil human actions
  2. suffering as preparation for future service rather than punishment
  3. forgiveness as reflecting divine character and enabling reconciliation
  4. God's covenant faithfulness across generations ensuring the survival and blessing of His people
  5. how present suffering gains meaning when viewed from the perspective of God's larger purposes.

Joseph's words "you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good" (50:20) epitomize biblical theodicy and providence.

Historical Context

The patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) reflect the cultural, social, and legal customs of the ancient Near East during the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE). Archaeological discoveries including the Mari tablets, Nuzi tablets, and Egyptian records confirm many details: nomadic pastoralism, covenant-making ceremonies, marriage customs, property laws, and international travel patterns described in Genesis.

The cultural practices reflected include: treaty/covenant forms (Genesis 15), bride-price customs (Genesis 24, 29), inheritance laws favoring firstborn sons (Genesis 25, 27), adoption practices (Genesis 15, 30), levirate-type arrangements (Genesis 38), and Egyptian administrative systems (Genesis 41, 47). These parallels confirm Genesis's historical reliability while showing how God worked within ancient cultural frameworks to accomplish His purposes.

For later Israelites, these narratives established their identity as Abraham's descendants, explained their claim to Canaan, justified their possession of Joseph's bones (Exodus 13:19), and provided models of faith despite imperfection. The patriarchs' failures and God's faithfulness encouraged Israel that covenant relationship depended on God's grace rather than human merit. The movement from Mesopotamia to Canaan to Egypt set the stage for the Exodus and conquest narratives.

Questions for Reflection

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