Genesis 38:23

Authorized King James Version

And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
יְהוּדָה֙
And Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#3
תִּֽקַּֽח
Let her take
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#4
לָ֔הּ
H0
#5
פֶּ֖ן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#6
נִֽהְיֶ֣ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#7
לָב֑וּז
it to her lest we be shamed
disrespect
#8
הִנֵּ֤ה
lo!
#9
שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙
behold I sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#10
הַגְּדִ֣י
this kid
a young goat (from browsing)
#11
הַזֶּ֔ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#12
וְאַתָּ֖ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#13
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#14
מְצָאתָֽהּ׃
and thou hast not found
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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