Genesis 18:23

Authorized King James Version

And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ
drew near
to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati
#2
אַבְרָהָ֖ם
H85
And Abraham
abraham, the later name of abram
#3
וַיֹּאמַ֑ר
and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#4
הַאַ֣ף
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
#5
תִּסְפֶּ֔ה
Wilt thou also destroy
properly, to scrape (literally, to shave; but usually figuratively) together (i.e., to accumulate or increase) or away (i.e., to scatter, remove, or r
#6
צַדִּ֖יק
the righteous
just
#7
עִם
with
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#8
רָשָֽׁע׃
the wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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