Genesis 18:10

Authorized King James Version

And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אָשׁ֤וּב
I will certainly
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#3
אָשׁ֤וּב
I will certainly
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#4
אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙
near, with or among; often in general, to
#5
כָּעֵ֣ת
unto thee according to the time
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#6
חַיָּ֔ה
of life
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
#7
וְהִנֵּה
lo!
#8
בֵ֖ן
shall have a son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#9
וְשָׂרָ֥ה
And Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife
#10
אִשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ
thy wife
a woman
#11
וְשָׂרָ֥ה
And Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife
#12
שֹׁמַ֛עַת
heard
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#13
פֶּ֥תַח
door
an opening (literally), i.e., door (gate) or entrance way
#14
הָאֹ֖הֶל
it in the tent
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
#15
וְה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#16
אַֽחֲרָֽיו׃
which was behind him
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of life reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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