Exodus 7:5

Analysis & Commentary

And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them. This verse declares God's ultimate purpose in the plagues: His self-revelation to Egypt. The phrase shall know that I am the LORD (וְיָדְעוּ מִצְרַיִם כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה, veyad'u mitzrayim ki-ani Yahweh) uses yada (יָדַע), meaning to know experientially, not merely intellectually. Egypt will encounter Yahweh's reality through His powerful acts, forcing recognition of His supremacy over their gods.

The divine name Yahweh (יְהוָה, often rendered LORD) appears emphatically. This is the covenant name revealed to Moses at the burning bush (3:14-15)—"I AM THAT I AM." When God acts in history, He reveals His character and name. The Egyptians worshiped countless deities—Ra (sun), Osiris (underworld), Isis (magic), Hapi (Nile), etc.—but Yahweh alone is God. The plagues systematically demonstrated each Egyptian god's impotence, establishing Yahweh's absolute sovereignty.

When I stretch forth mine hand (בִּנְטֹתִי אֶת־יָדִי, bin'toti et-yadi) depicts God's active intervention. The outstretched hand symbolizes divine power executing judgment and salvation—the same hand that later wrote the Law on stone tablets (Deuteronomy 9:10). This anthropomorphic language makes God's invisible power visible and comprehensible. The phrase bring out the children of Israel from among them emphasizes the exodus as separation—God distinguishes His covenant people from Egypt, foreshadowing the church's calling to be separate from the world (2 Corinthians 6:17).

Theologically, this verse reveals that God's judgments serve missional purposes—even in wrath, God makes Himself known. The plagues weren't arbitrary displays of power but targeted revelations of Yahweh's character and supremacy. This anticipates the gospel age where God's judgment on sin at Calvary reveals both His justice and mercy, calling all nations to know Him (Romans 1:16-17).

Historical Context

The phrase "know that I am Yahweh" appears repeatedly in Exodus (6:7, 7:17, 8:22, 10:2, 14:4, 14:18, 16:12, 29:46) and throughout Scripture, especially in Ezekiel (over 70 times). This "recognition formula" establishes that God's mighty acts force acknowledgment of His reality and character. Ancient Near Eastern conquest accounts similarly emphasized that military victories demonstrated which god was supreme. However, Exodus differs—Yahweh reveals Himself not merely as stronger than other gods but as the only true God, with all others being false (Isaiah 44:6-8).

Egypt's polytheism was deeply embedded in their civilization—religion permeated government, agriculture, architecture, and daily life. For Egyptians to "know Yahweh" meant recognizing their entire worldview was false. This knowledge came through judgment: the Nile turned to blood (attacking Hapi and Osiris), darkness covered the land (attacking Ra), and the firstborn died (attacking Pharaoh's supposed divinity and the goddess Isis). Each plague was pedagogical—teaching through demonstration.

The exodus became the paradigm for how God makes Himself known: through redemptive judgment that saves His people while judging idolatry. This pattern repeats throughout biblical history—God acts, His name is made known, people respond in faith or hardness. The ultimate fulfillment comes in Christ, where God's name is revealed most fully (John 17:6, 26), and through the cross God demonstrates both justice and mercy, making Himself known to all nations (Romans 3:25-26; Philippians 2:9-11).

Questions for Reflection

• How does God's purpose to make Himself known through judgment inform how we understand suffering and evil in the world?
• What does Egypt's forced recognition of Yahweh teach about humanity's ultimate accountability to acknowledge the true God?