Exodus 34:7

Authorized King James Version

Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
נֹצֵ֥ר
Keeping
to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.)
#2
חֶ֙סֶד֙
mercy
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#3
לָֽאֲלָפִ֔ים
for thousands
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#4
נֹשֵׂ֥א
forgiving
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#5
עֲוֹ֣ן
iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#6
וָפֶ֖שַׁע
and transgression
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#7
וְחַטָּאָ֑ה
and sin
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
#8
יְנַקֶּ֔ה
and that will by no means
to be (or make) clean (literally or figuratively); by implication (in an adverse sense) to be bare, i.e., extirpated
#9
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
יְנַקֶּ֔ה
and that will by no means
to be (or make) clean (literally or figuratively); by implication (in an adverse sense) to be bare, i.e., extirpated
#11
פֹּקֵ֣ד׀
the guilty visiting
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
#12
עֲוֹ֣ן
iniquity
perversity, i.e., (moral) evil
#13
אָב֗וֹת
H1
of the fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#14
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#15
בָנִ֔ים
and upon the children's
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#16
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#17
בָנִ֔ים
and upon the children's
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#18
בָנִ֔ים
and upon the children's
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#19
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#20
שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים
children unto the third
a descendant of the third degree, i.e., great grandchild
#21
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#22
רִבֵּעִֽים׃
and to the fourth
a descendant of the fourth generation, i.e., great great grandchild

Analysis

Within the broader context of Exodus, this passage highlights salvation through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of mercy connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about mercy, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Exodus.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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