Daniel 9:18

Authorized King James Version

O my God, incline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy name: for we do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הַטֵּ֨ה
incline
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
#2
אֱלֹהַ֥י׀
O my God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
אָזְנְךָ֮
thine ear
broadness. i.e., (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
#4
וּֽשֲׁמָע֒
and hear
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#5
פְּקַ֣חה
open
to open (the senses, especially the eyes); figuratively, to be observant
#6
עֵינֶ֗יךָ
thine eyes
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#7
וּרְאֵה֙
and behold
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#8
שֹֽׁמְמֹתֵ֔ינוּ
our desolations
to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e., devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
#9
וְהָעִ֕יר
and the city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#10
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
נִקְרָ֥א
which is called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#12
שִׁמְךָ֖
by thy name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#13
עָלֶ֑יהָ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
כִּ֣י׀
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#15
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#16
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#17
צִדְקֹתֵ֗ינוּ
thee for our righteousnesses
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#18
אֲנַ֨חְנוּ
we
#19
מַפִּילִ֤ים
for we do not present
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#20
תַּחֲנוּנֵ֙ינוּ֙
our supplications
earnest prayer
#21
לְפָנֶ֔יךָ
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#22
כִּ֖י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#23
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#24
רַחֲמֶ֥יךָ
mercies
compassion (in the plural)
#25
הָרַבִּֽים׃
but for thy great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Daniel. The concept of righteousness reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood righteousness. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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