Amos 4:13

Authorized King James Version

For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, The God of hosts, is his name.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֡י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
הִנֵּה֩
lo!
#3
יוֹצֵ֨ר
For lo he that formeth
to mould into a form; especially as a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e., form a resolution)
#4
הָרִ֜ים
the mountains
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#5
וּבֹרֵ֣א
and createth
(absolutely) to create; (qualified) to cut down (a wood), select, feed (as formative processes)
#6
ר֗וּחַ
the wind
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
#7
וּמַגִּ֤יד
and declareth
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
#8
לְאָדָם֙
unto man
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
#9
מַה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#10
שֵּׂח֔וֹ
what is his thought
communion, i.e., (reflexively) meditation
#11
עֹשֵׂ֥ה
that maketh
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#12
שַׁ֙חַר֙
the morning
dawn (literal, figurative or adverbial)
#13
עֵיפָ֔ה
darkness
obscurity (as if from covering)
#14
וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ
and treadeth
to tread; by implication, to walk; also to string a bow (by treading on it in bending)
#15
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#16
בָּ֣מֳתֵי
upon the high places
an elevation
#17
אָ֑רֶץ
of the earth
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#18
יְהוָ֥ה
The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#19
אֱלֹהֵֽי
The God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#20
צְבָא֖וֹת
of hosts
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#21
שְׁמֽוֹ׃
is his name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Amos Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection