Acts 8:30

Authorized King James Version

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And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest?

Original Language Analysis

προσδραμὼν ran thither to G4370
προσδραμὼν ran thither to
Strong's: G4370
Word #: 1 of 17
to run towards, i.e., hasten to meet or join
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 17
but, and, etc
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Φίλιππος Philip G5376
Φίλιππος Philip
Strong's: G5376
Word #: 4 of 17
fond of horses; philippus, the name of four israelites
ἤκουσεν him and heard G191
ἤκουσεν him and heard
Strong's: G191
Word #: 5 of 17
to hear (in various senses)
αὐτοῦ him G846
αὐτοῦ him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 6 of 17
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἀναγινώσκεις read G314
ἀναγινώσκεις read
Strong's: G314
Word #: 7 of 17
to know again, i.e., (by extension) to read
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προφήτην the prophet G4396
προφήτην the prophet
Strong's: G4396
Word #: 9 of 17
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
Ἠσαΐαν Esaias G2268
Ἠσαΐαν Esaias
Strong's: G2268
Word #: 10 of 17
hesaias (i.e., jeshajah), an israelite
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 11 of 17
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἶπεν said G2036
εἶπεν said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 12 of 17
to speak or say (by word or writing)
Ἆρά Understandest thou G687
Ἆρά Understandest thou
Strong's: G687
Word #: 13 of 17
therefore
γε G1065
γε
Strong's: G1065
Word #: 14 of 17
doubtless, since
γινώσκεις G1097
γινώσκεις
Strong's: G1097
Word #: 15 of 17
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
what G3739
what
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 16 of 17
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἀναγινώσκεις read G314
ἀναγινώσκεις read
Strong's: G314
Word #: 17 of 17
to know again, i.e., (by extension) to read

Analysis & Commentary

And Philip ran thither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest? Philip's eager obedience and gentle question demonstrate effective evangelistic approach—running to obey Spirit's prompting while respecting the seeker's process.

Philip ran indicates immediate, enthusiastic response to Spirit's direction (Acts 8:29). No hesitation, no calculating costs—simple obedience characterizes Spirit-filled witness. This urgency reflects eternal stakes and divine timing. Opportunities for witness don't wait; responsiveness to Spirit's promptings requires decisive action.

Heard him read confirms ancient reading practice of voicing text aloud. This audible reading created natural opportunity for conversation. Philip's question—Understandest thou what thou readest?—shows wisdom. Rather than presuming ignorance or immediately launching into explanation, he invites dialogue. Effective evangelism begins with understanding where people are spiritually.

The question isn't accusatory but pastoral—genuinely inquiring about comprehension. Reformed theology values understanding in conversion; saving faith grasps gospel content, not just emotional response. Philip models meeting people where they are while guiding toward clear gospel understanding.

Historical Context

Isaiah 53, which the eunuch was reading, became foundational for early Christian understanding of Christ's atoning death. Jewish interpretation varied—some saw suffering servant as corporate Israel, others as future Messiah. Christian reading identified the servant as Jesus, crucified for sins.

Philip's approach reflects effective first-century evangelism: beginning with Scriptures, asking questions, listening, and explaining. The eunuch's reading aloud was standard ancient practice—silent reading was rare. This detail enabled Philip to identify what text he's studying. The encounter occurs around 35-37 CE, early in Christianity's missionary expansion beyond Jerusalem.

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