Zephaniah 3:4

Authorized King James Version

Her prophets are light and treacherous persons: her priests have polluted the sanctuary, they have done violence to the law.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙
Her prophets
a prophet or (generally) inspired man
#2
פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים
are light
to bubble up or froth (as boiling water), i.e., (figuratively) to be unimportant
#3
אַנְשֵׁ֖י
persons
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
#4
בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת
and treacherous
treacheries
#5
כֹּהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙
her priests
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#6
חִלְּלוּ
have polluted
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
#7
קֹ֔דֶשׁ
the sanctuary
a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
#8
חָמְס֖וּ
they have done violence
to be violent; by implication, to maltreat
#9
תּוֹרָֽה׃
to the law
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection