Zephaniah 1:13

Authorized King James Version

Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיָ֤ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
חֵילָם֙
Therefore their goods
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
#3
לִמְשִׁסָּ֔ה
shall become a booty
plunder
#4
בָתִּים֙
and their houses
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#5
לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה
a desolation
devastation; figuratively, astonishment
#6
וּבָנ֤וּ
they shall also build
to build (literally and figuratively)
#7
בָתִּים֙
and their houses
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#8
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ
but not inhabit
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#10
וְנָטְע֣וּ
them and they shall plant
properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
#11
כְרָמִ֔ים
vineyards
a garden or vineyard
#12
וְלֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#13
יִשְׁתּ֖וּ
but not drink
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#14
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
יֵינָֽם׃
the wine
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Zephaniah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection