Zephaniah 1:12

Authorized King James Version

And it shall come to pass at that time, that I will search Jerusalem with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees: that say in their heart, The LORD will not do good, neither will he do evil.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיָה֙
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
בָּעֵ֣ת
And it shall come to pass at that time
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#3
הַהִ֔יא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#4
אֲחַפֵּ֥שׂ
that I will search
to seek; causatively, to conceal oneself (i.e., let be sought), or mask
#5
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם
Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
#7
בַּנֵּר֑וֹת
with candles
a lamp (i.e., the burner) or light (literally or figuratively)
#8
וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י
and punish
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
#9
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#11
הַקֹּֽפְאִים֙
that are settled
to shrink, i.e., thicken (as unracked wine, curdled milk, clouded sky, frozen water)
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
שִׁמְרֵיהֶ֔ם
on their lees
something preserved, i.e., the settlings (plural only) of wine
#14
הָאֹֽמְרִים֙
that say
to say (used with great latitude)
#15
בִּלְבָבָ֔ם
in their heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#16
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#17
יֵיטִ֥יב
will not do good
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
#18
יְהוָ֖ה
The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#19
וְלֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#20
יָרֵֽעַ׃
neither will he do evil
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Zephaniah, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to Zephaniah's theological argument.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Zephaniah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection