Zechariah 3:1

Authorized King James Version

And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּרְאֵ֗נִי
And he shewed
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙
me Joshua
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
#4
הַכֹּהֵ֣ן
priest
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#5
הַגָּד֔וֹל
the high
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#6
עֹמֵ֥ד
standing
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#7
לִפְנֵ֖י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#8
מַלְאַ֣ךְ
the angel
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#9
יְהוָ֑ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#10
וְהַשָּׂטָ֛ן
and Satan
an opponent; especially (with the article prefixed) satan, the arch-enemy of good
#11
עֹמֵ֥ד
standing
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
יְמִינ֖וֹ
at his right hand
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
#14
לְשִׂטְנֽוֹ׃
to resist
to attack, (figuratively) accuse

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection