Romans 3:13

Authorized King James Version

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Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips:

Original Language Analysis

τάφος sepulchre G5028
τάφος sepulchre
Strong's: G5028
Word #: 1 of 15
a grave (the place of interment)
ἀνεῳγμένος is an open G455
ἀνεῳγμένος is an open
Strong's: G455
Word #: 2 of 15
to open up (literally or figuratively, in various applications)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λάρυγξ throat G2995
λάρυγξ throat
Strong's: G2995
Word #: 4 of 15
the throat ("larynx")
αὐτῶν· Their G846
αὐτῶν· Their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 5 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ταῖς G3588
ταῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γλώσσαις tongues G1100
γλώσσαις tongues
Strong's: G1100
Word #: 7 of 15
the tongue; by implication, a language (specially, one naturally unacquired)
αὐτῶν· Their G846
αὐτῶν· Their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 8 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐδολιοῦσαν they have used deceit G1387
ἐδολιοῦσαν they have used deceit
Strong's: G1387
Word #: 9 of 15
to be guileful
ἰὸς the poison G2447
ἰὸς the poison
Strong's: G2447
Word #: 10 of 15
rust (as if emitted by metals); also venom (as emitted by serpents)
ἀσπίδων of asps G785
ἀσπίδων of asps
Strong's: G785
Word #: 11 of 15
a buckler (or round shield); used of a serpent (as coiling itself), probably the "asp"
ὑπὸ is under G5259
ὑπὸ is under
Strong's: G5259
Word #: 12 of 15
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
χείλη lips G5491
χείλη lips
Strong's: G5491
Word #: 14 of 15
a lip (as a pouring place); figuratively, a margin (of water)
αὐτῶν· Their G846
αὐτῶν· Their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 15 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips. Paul shifts from general indictment to specific sins, beginning with speech (vv. 13-14). From Psalm 5:9 and 140:3, the imagery is grotesque. Taphos aneōgmenos ho larynx autōn (τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν, "their throat is an opened grave")—what emerges from human mouths is the stench of death and corruption.

Tais glōssais autōn edolioung (ταῖς γλώσσαις αὐτῶν ἐδολιοῦσαν, "with their tongues they kept deceiving")—continuous deception. Ios aspidōn (ἰὸς ἀσπίδων, "venom of asps") depicts words as lethal poison. James 3:8 echoes this: "the tongue is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison." Human speech, which should glorify God, instead spreads corruption, falsehood, and spiritual death. The throat-tongue-lips sequence emphasizes that evil proceeds from humanity's core.

Historical Context

Ancient Judaism highly valued truthful speech as reflecting God's character. The Psalms Paul quotes were originally about Israel's enemies. By applying them to all humanity, Paul argues that Jews stand under the same condemnation. The asp (cobra) was particularly feared in the Mediterranean world for its deadly venom.

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