Romans 14:4

Authorized King James Version

Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be holden up: for God is able to make him stand.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
σὺ
thou
thou
#2
τίς
Who
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#3
εἶ
art
thou art
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
κρίνων
that judgest
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
#6
ἀλλότριον
another man's
another's, i.e., not one's own; by extension foreign, not akin, hostile
#7
οἰκέτην;
servant
a fellow resident, i.e., menial domestic
#8
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ἰδίῳ
to his own
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
#10
κυρίῳ
master
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#11
στήκει
he standeth
to be stationary, i.e., (figuratively) to persevere
#12
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#13
πίπτει·
falleth
to fall (literally or figuratively)
#14
στῆσαι
he shall be holden up
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#15
δέ,
Yea
but, and, etc
#16
δυνατὸς
able
powerful or capable (literally or figuratively); neuter possible
#17
γάρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#18
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
Θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#21
στῆσαι
he shall be holden up
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#22
αὐτόν
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics