Psalms 74:1

Authorized King James Version

O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָמָ֣ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
אֱ֭לֹהִים
O God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
זָנַ֣חְתָּ
why hast thou cast us off
reject, forsake, fail
#4
לָנֶ֑צַח
for ever
properly, a goal, i.e., the bright object at a distance travelled towards; hence (figuratively), splendor, or (subjectively) truthfulness, or (objecti
#5
יֶעְשַׁ֥ן
smoke
to smoke, whether literal or figurative
#6
אַ֝פְּךָ֗
why doth thine anger
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#7
בְּצֹ֣אן
against the sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#8
מַרְעִיתֶֽךָ׃
of thy pasture
pasturage; concretely, a flock

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection