Psalms 59:11

Authorized King James Version

Slay them not, lest my people forget: scatter them by thy power; and bring them down, O Lord our shield.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#2
תַּהַרְגֵ֤ם׀
Slay
to smite with deadly intent
#3
פֶּֽן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#4
יִשְׁכְּח֬וּ
forget
to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
#5
עַמִּ֗י
them not lest my people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#6
הֲנִיעֵ֣מוֹ
scatter
to waver, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (as subjoined)
#7
בְ֭חֵילְךָ
them by thy power
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
#8
וְהוֹרִידֵ֑מוֹ
and bring them down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#9
מָֽגִנֵּ֣נוּ
our shield
a shield (i.e., the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile
#10
אֲדֹנָֽי׃
O Lord
the lord (used as a proper name of god only)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The divine name or title here functions within worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection