Psalms 49:14

Authorized King James Version

Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כַּצֹּ֤אן׀
Like sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#2
שְׁא֗וֹל
in the grave
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
#3
שַׁתּוּ֮
they are laid
to place, i.e., array; reflex. to lie
#4
מָ֤וֶת
death
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
#5
יִ֫רְעֵ֥ם
shall feed
to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a frie
#6
וַיִּרְדּ֘וּ
shall have dominion
to tread down, i.e., subjugate; specifically, to crumble off
#7
בָ֤ם
H0
#8
יְשָׁרִ֨ים׀
on them and the upright
straight (literally or figuratively)
#9
לַבֹּ֗קֶר
over them in the morning
properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
#10
וְ֭ציּרָם
a form (of beauty; as if pressed out, i.e., carved); hence, an (idolatrous) image
#11
לְבַלּ֥וֹת
shall consume
to fail; by implication to wear out, decay (causatively, consume, spend)
#12
שְׁא֗וֹל
in the grave
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
#13
מִזְּבֻ֥ל
from their dwelling
a residence
#14
לֽוֹ׃
H0

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection